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The Siege of Tripolitsa or the Fall of Tripolitsa ((ギリシア語:Άλωση της Τριπολιτσάς)) to Greek rebels in the summer of 1821 marked an early victory in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, which had begun earlier in that year. It is further notorious for the massacre of its Muslim〔〔 and Jewish population — the ''Massacre of Tripolitsa'', which occurred after the city's fall to the Greek forces. As historian of the war W. Alison Phillips noted, "the other atrocities of Greeks paled before the awful scenes which followed the storming of Tripolitza".〔Phillips, p. 59.〕 ==Background== Situated in the middle of Peloponnese, Tripolitsa was the pre-eminent town in southern Greece, as well as the administrative centre for Ottoman rule in the Peloponnese, thus making it an important target for the Greek revolutionaries. Many rich Turks and Jews lived there, together with Ottoman refugees, such as Turks and Albanians from Vardounia (Βαρδούνια) driven there by the outbreak of the revolt, escaping massacres in the country's southern districts.〔〔St. Clair, p. 45.〕 It was also a potent symbol for revenge, its Greek population having been massacred by the Ottoman forces in the past: the latest of such events, a few months earlier, following the failed rebellion at Moldavia in early 1821; previous massacres of the town's Greeks occurred in 1715 (during the Ottoman reconquest of the Morea) and on Holy Monday, 29 March 1770, after the failed Orlov Revolt.〔Nafziger, George F. and Mark W. Walton, ''Islam at war: a history'', (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003), 76.〕〔Brewer David, ''The Greek War of Independence. The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression and the Birth of the Modern Greek Nation'', The Overlook Press, New York, (2001), pp. 111–112 (ISBN 1-58567-395-1).〕〔Brunet de Presle et Alexandre Blanchet, ''Grèce depuis la conquête romaine jusqu’à nos jours'', Firmin Didot (1860) pp. 387–388〕 The de facto commander in chief of the Greek forces, Theodoros Kolokotronis, now focused on the capital of the province. He set up fortified camps in the surrounding places, establishing several headquarters under the command of his captain Anagnostaras in the nearby villages, notably Zarachova, Piana, Dimitsana and Stemnitsa, where local peasants provided his men with food and supplies.〔Kolokotronis, p. 82.〕 In addition, a fresh and compact force of Maniot troops under Petros Mavromichalis, the Bey of Mani, arrived and camped at Valtetsi so as to take part in the final assault to the Ottoman capital of Morea.〔Stratiki, p. 83.〕 Also Arvanites alongside Greek revolutionaries were present during the siege, in fighting and the massacre that followed.〔 The Ottoman (Turkish and Albanian) garrison was reinforced in May by some troops and cavalry sent by Hursid Pasha from the north, led by the Kehayabey Mustafa. The rebels' decisive victory in the Battle of Valtetsi and several other victorious clashes in Doliana and Vervaina, meant that the Greek revolutionaries had effective control over the majority of the areas in the Central and Southern Peloponnese. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Tripolitsa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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